The UK capabilities in nuclear fission power generation vary widely and have been much decreased over the past few decades following the termination of reactor design and build in the UK as well as the reduction in investment in R&D. This decrease is also evident in the university sector with very limited capability in the 1990s until BNFL and more recently EPSRC started more targeted investment and re-invigoration. Specifically in reactor technology capability still exists to support current operations, although the ability to select, license and deploy advanced systems could prove more difficult due to lack of familiarity with such systems. Critical skills include:
The UK has an extensive civil nuclear fission programme covering all aspects of the fuel cycle such as fuel manufacture, reactors, spent fuel treatment, reprocessing, waste management, disposal and decommissioning.
The research base exists within private sector industry, public sector organisations and academia. Obviously the academic work is more focussed on fundamental underpinning science whereas public sector and private sector research is closer to end user application.
The majority of R&D to support the industry is used to help underpin the industry’s knowledge base to ensure appropriate judgements and decisions related to whether this is on safety assessment, cost reduction or performance/operational related issues. There are very few occasions when it is possible to specifically identify a new product taken through the innovation chain to commercial deployment. It is more a case of R&D helping to progress understanding and resolve issues.
Here academia provides the underpinning fundamental science and this is often then used by industrial research organisations in terms of application. Key industrial research organisations are discussed in detail in section 4 with the remainder of this section focusing on academic capability.
For the majority of research projects, the avenues open for funding include UK Research Councils, direct support to Government, private industry, EU framework activities and broad international collaborative ventures.
University based nuclear fission research falls into several different categories ranging from materials performance, civil engineering and waste disposal. The research in each category focuses on improving the efficiency, reliability, safety and sustainability of the reactor systems. Negligible research falls under advanced reactor systems or design of new fuels suitable for such systems. Research is broadly in linewith Government civil nuclear policy, and so focuses on decommissioning and safety and efficiency of current systems. Hence R&D is carried out in areas such as materials performance, modelling and spent fuel, but very little R&D goes into new reactor systems or fuels.
Despite previous dramatic cut backs in nuclear fission funded research, funding for some expertise and capabilities have been maintained. There are several university research alliances which have links tothe NDA as well as the NNL. These centres at Manchester, Sheffield and Leeds attract funding from a variety of sources including industry, research councils and Government grants, and each centre has a different area of expertise. Manchester University in particular receives substantial funding for its work on nuclear energy, and has expanded to include several new centres and programmes, most of which are overseen by the Dalton Nuclear Institute.
The Dalton Nuclear Institute (DNI) opened in 2005, and has been a valuable resource to the nuclear industry. Advanced nuclear research is carried out at the Institute, and partnerships with industry keep research topics broadly in line with the current needs of the nuclear sector. The DNI has received significant funding from research councils and several industrial partners and now supports the following groups within the University: control systems, acceleration science, graphite research, thermal hydraulics and computational fluid dynamics. Additionally it runs, or is closely linked with, a number of important centres, including the Centre for Nuclear Energy Technology, the Centre for Radiochemistry Research, the Materials Performance Centre, and the Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre. The roles of these centres are outlined in Table 3.2.
Furthermore, the construction of the Dalton Cumbrian Facility has significantly helped research; housing state-of-the-art irradiation equipment andanalysis tools, it allows academics and industry alike unique opportunities to use specialist equipment, including a Cobolt-60 gamma irradiator.
Other universities also are developing their capability in nuclear research. For example Imperial College in Materials Modelling and Reactor Physics / Criticality related research, Lancaster University in Environmental Assessment, Birmingham through its Centre for Nuclear Education and Research, UCLAN through the Westlakes Research Institute, and UCLan Nuclear, Liverpool in Radiometrics, and the University of the Highlands and Islands in Decommissioning support work to Dounreay and further afield.
Also EPSRC has funded an Engineering Doctorate Training Programme in Nuclear Engineering: this is led by the University of Manchester in partnership with Imperial College London and 6 supporting universities (Birmingham, Lancaster, Leeds, Sheffield, Strathclyde and Surrey) covering specific topics and skill areas, and carried out in direct collaboration with industry. Total funding to date (since 2006) from EPSRC for this Doctorate Programme is £7.6m further supplemented by industry sponsorship in excess of £2.5m. It is aimed at developing future technical leaders for the nuclear industry. Similarly a Nuclear Fission Research, Science and Technology (Nuclear FiRST) doctoral training scheme has also been introduced (2009).
Research into long term solutions for nuclear waste has received increased attention, with EPSRC and NDA RWMD putting forward a collective £4 million in 2010 for a call into Geological Disposal of Nuclear Waste. Five projects from different universities were selected to benefit from this funding.
The UK Nuclear University Network maintains a list of current nuclear energy research.
Name |
Description |
Sub-topics covered |
No of staff |
Field |
Construction and Remediation, Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen | Aberdeen has a long history of research excellence in cement science. Current activities include: - Fundamental studies of cement hydration and durability
- Applications to waste management, including nuclear decommissioning
| - Nuclear waste management and decommissioning
| 3 academics | Chemistry |
Nuclear Energy Group, University of Bath | The Nuclear Materials Group at the University of Bath is recognised for its expertise in nuclear materials (especially graphite). More recently it has expanded to include expertise in decommissioning, mechanical design and energy systems analysis. | | | Metallurgy and Materials |
The Birmingham Centre for Nuclear Education and Research, University of Birmingham | The Birmingham Centre for Nuclear Education and Research brings together a multidisciplinary team from across the University to tackle fundamental nuclear industry problems. The team actively engage with industry, other universities, and international partners. | - Nuclear Engineering
- Waste Management
- Decommissioning
| 4 academics | Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering Physics |
University of Bristol | The Nuclear-Systems Performance Centre (Nuclear-SPC) is a Research Alliance between the University of Bristol and British Energy The Nuclear-SPC is one of four British Energy Research Alliances. The Safety Systems Research Centre is a research centre established in 1995. It conducts research into the challenges of safe and reliable design, operation and maintenance of computer-based systems. The SSRC has a broad appreciation of safety issues across various industry sectors such as nuclear, naval and aviation industries The Universities of Bristol and Oxford have a joint nuclear research centre. It has been established to provide leading edge and innovative research to support the safe operation of current and future generation nuclear systems | | | Metallurgy and Materials Physics |
Cambridge Nuclear Energy Centre, University of Cambridge | Encompassing the departments of earth sciences, physics, Metallurgy and materials, engineering and the Judge Business school, the Nuclear Energy Centre supports a broad range of research into all areas of nuclear power. These include waste disposal, reactor systems, energy security and nuclear policy, radiation damage and materials, as well as research on fusion energy. | - Materials science
- Thorium reactors
- Fuel design
- Systems modelling
| | Metallurgy and Materials Physics |
Geoenvironmental Research Centre, Cardiff university | The Geo-environmental Research Centre (GRC) is a pioneer in the field of geo-environmental engineering. Established in 1996, the Centre provides research support in a new and emerging area of land-based environmental problems; and directly translates its research for the benefit of industry. | - Geo-environmental engineering
| | Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
UCLan Nuclear, University of Central Lancashire | UCLAN Nuclear specialises in a number of areas : - Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards Regulation
- Nuclear Materials and Processing Technology including decontamination (e.g. bio-availability of radionuclides in i-graphite) and advanced separation science (e.g. continuous chromatographic separation of metals).
- Internal and External Hazards - current projects include impact on honeycomb structures, model development for auxetic materials, fire modelling capability and realistic temperatures for prediction of waste package boundary conditions
- Nuclear Decommissioning and Waste Management
| - Nuclear Regulation
- Nuclear Safety
- Nuclear Security
- Nuclear Materials
- Internal and external hazards
- National and international nuclear energy strategy
- Effective management
| 5 academics | Business and Management Studies |
CEFAS | Scientific research working in fisheries management, environmental protection and aquaculture with specific links to understanding radionuclide up-take | - Ecosystem interactions
- Organism health
| | Biological Sciences Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
Centre for Nuclear Engineering, Imperial College London | “The Centre brings together a number of disciplines including mechanical, chemical and materials engineering, modelling and radio ecology to create one of the most comprehensive research and teaching groups dedicated to nuclear engineering and science.” Imperial College London is one of four British Energy Research Alliances. | - Modelling
- Structural integrity and life assessment
- Geomechanics for waste
- Materials transport
- Materials performance and ageing
- Reactor hydraulics
- Waste
| 30 | Metallurgy and Materials Physics |
Department of Materials, Imperial College London | Research is centred around four main types of material: Biomaterials; Ceramics and Glasses; Metals; and Nanotechnology. Energy conversion is one of the key application sectors identified. | - Atomistic simulation of Fission Product concentration with burn up of UO2 Fuel
- Atomistic simulation of encapsulation of legacy ILW
| 20 | Metallurgy and Materials |
Complex Flow Systems Research Group, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University | The Complex Flow Systems Research Group conducts multi-disciplinary researches on a wide range of topic including aerodynamics, thermo-fluids, energy systems and granular flow. Its work is characterised by the diversity in methodology and approach: theoretical, simulation and modelling and analysis/experiment. One active research area is the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for a Gen-IV thermodynamics study in collaboration with researchers from China. | - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
| | Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering |
Radiometrics, Instrumentation and Control Group, Engineering Department, Lancaster University | A multidisciplinary team of engineering researchers working on the combination of instrumentation and generic control in the context of a broad spectrum of autonomous platforms. Our research is almost entirely collaborative with the engineering sector and other leading academic institutions around the world. Has delivered solutions to nuclear industry. | - Control and instrumentation
| | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
Environmental Radiochemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Loughborough University | The Group s research work is largely, but not exclusively, centred on the Geochemistry of nuclear waste disposal, and requires an interdisciplinary approach to solve this world-wide problem. Research Topics : - Water chemistry (speciation, stability constants, kinetics, modelling).
- Surface interactions (metal and metal-complex interactions with mineral and clay surfaces in the presence and absence of humic materials).
- Mobility of aqueous species.
- Predictive computer modelling.
- Land remediation.
| | | Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences Chemistry |
Metals Research Group, Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University | The focus of the activity is twofold: to understand, and direct, metallurgical behaviour through modelling microstructural evolution and to engineer surface coatings for enhanced performance. | - Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking associated with the chromium depletion
- Earlier models for neutron induced grain boundary phosphorus Segregation in Ferritic pressure vessel steels is being expanded to cover such effect as stress, site competition, grain boundary character.
| 13 | Metallurgy and Materials |
Particle Science and Engineering, University of Leeds | Based on the disciplines of Chemical and Mineral Process Engineering, addressing the engineering science of particulate processes | - Modelling
- Measurement
- Manufacture
| 22 | Metallurgy and Materials |
Centre for Radiochemistry Research, University of Manchester | Established in 1999 with support from BNFL (BNFL is now part of NDA). The centre is part of Manchester s Dalton Institute, and mainly investigates the chemistry of radioactive elements. Funded by the NDA and UK research councils. | Research Programmes: | | Chemistry |
Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester | “Established in 2005, the Dalton Nuclear Institute (DNI) has built a broad nuclear research capability that is addressing the major issues associated with nuclear power today and in the future: plant life extension, new nuclear build, decommissioning and radioactive waste management. The Dalton Cumbrian facility is the main research base for the DNI, and allows industry and academia access to top facilities. The DNI is home to many research centres, draws from expertise across the schools of materials, earth and atmospheric sciences, chemistry and physics.” | - Manages the NNUMAN programme (see Table 4.1)
Groups/ centres: - Accelerator Science
- Modelling and Simulation Centre
- C-NET
- Materials Performance
- Nuclear AMRC
- Graphite Research Group
- Radiation Science
- Control Systems
- Thermal hydraulics and computational fluid dynamics
| | Metallurgy and Materials Physics Chemistry Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
Materials Performance Centre, University of Manchester | A research centre for materials for the nuclear, power and chemical industries. The activity of this Centre is based across three host sites at the University of Manchester: the Corrosion and Protection Centre in the School of Materials, the Materials Science Centre also in the School of Materials and the Nuclear Graphite Research Group in the School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering. The University of Manchester is one of four British Energy Research Alliances | - Support on materials issues to NDA-operating companies and other external chemical and power industry companies
- Expertise in key areas including: materials degradation, structural integrity and graphite
| 18 | Metallurgy and Materials |
Materials Engineering Group, The Open University | The Group’s research focuses on the use of advanced metal alloys in demanding applications, including nuclear energy. Research expertise is in the fields of Residual Stress Measurement and Analysis, High Temperature Materials Behaviour and Mechanics of Materials. | | | Metallurgy and Materials |
Materials Department, Oxford University | The materials department works in partnership with NNL and Rolls-Royce to study of the effects of thermal ageing and irradiation on reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. | - Performance and Reliability of Metallic Materials
- Characterization of the atomic scale structure of yttria-based particles in oxide dispersion strengthened steels
- Zirconium alloys for high burn-up fuel in current and advanced light water-cooled reactors
| | Metallurgy and Materials |
Public Health England (before 1 April 2013 was known as the Health Protection Agency) | Independent national organization charged with protecting the health and well-being of the United Kingdom citizens from infectious diseases and in preventing harm and reducing impacts when hazards involving chemicals, poisons or radiation occur | - Capability to assess impact of different radiation types on individuals and population as a whole.
| | Biological Sciences Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield | Science of nuclear waste immobilisation. Also the Sheffield hub of the Nuclear FiRST DTC (Doctoral Training Centre) | - Immobilisation of toxic and radioactive waste in phosphate glasses
- Application of ceramics and glass ceramics for immobilisation of plutonium containing legacy wastes
- thermodynamic database for advanced nuclear fuel
- Immobilisation of Intermediate Level Nuclear Wastes in Cement
| 24 | Metallurgy and Materials |
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield | Research covers many topics, waste immobilisation being the one most heavily linked to nuclear. The department is home to the Immobilisation science laboratory, which examines radioactive immobilisation. | - Advancement of Castings in the Nuclear Supply Chain
- Designing ceramic Coatings for Zr-alloy Cladding
- Effects of radiation on materials
- The Development of Nuclear Manufacturing Techniques for Nuclear Applications
| | Metallurgy and Materials |
EDF Energy Advanced Diagnostic Centre Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde | Primary drivers for the research in the centre has been on AGR (Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor) nuclear power plant lifetime extension The University of Strathclyde is one of four British Energy Research Alliances. | Research focused on: - automated data analysis
- diagnostics and decision support
- modelling and simulation and sensors
- sensor systems within the nuclear power industry
| | Metallurgy and Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
Westlakes Science and Technology Park | Capabilities in areas of Genetics, Epidemiology, Environmental Science and Policy studies | - Genetics and Epidemiology,
- Environmental Science
- Policy studies
| | Biological Sciences Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |
Beyond university based research, the National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL), formerly Nexia Solutions, conducts research for customers such as the site license companies that run sites for the NDA. As well as these Tier 1 organisations, NNL also does work for Tier 2 and Tier 3 supply chain companies. It also has contracts with the MoD and EDF Energy. However, much of the output is commercially confidential or directly related to plant support activities.
Work directly funded byNDA relating to R&D is available to any contractor with much of the outcome placed in the public domain. Major R&D activities conducted by NNL cover the whole breadth of the nuclear industry: Measurement and Analysis, Environmental Services, Waste Residues and Processes, Waste Management Technology, Fuel and Radioisotope Technology, Spent Fuel Technology, Safety Management, Asset Care and Security.
The majority of research in the UK is concerned with maintaining currentreactors, fuel cycle operations plus, as noted earlier, the decommissioning and legacy waste management. With new reactors set to be built over the coming decades, the expectation is that research focuses will undergo a shift, as Government aims to increase funding for R&D to help maintain the new fleet and keep construction/running costs down. There is also increased spending on R&D into long term storage of legacy waste and waste being produced by the current fleet. At present there is still negligible investment in the new generation of reactor systems and fuels.
To help with the forthcoming new build, The Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre was opened in 2012, and carries out specific R&D projects for individual companies, as well as participating in externally funded research projects. The centre also has an industry-lead training scheme which aims to help equip the nuclear manufacturing supply chain with the skills it needs for new build construction and safety. Its research primarily focuses on ensuring companies overcome any manufacturing problems.
Not highlighted in Table 4.1 below, due to low level of funding but some involvement include funding organisations such as the Home Office, the DTI non-proliferation and safeguards work, the Health Protection Agency (which since 1 April 2013 is part of Public Health England) and the Environment Agency. The MOD also funds nuclear R&D but this is not classed ascivil related work, although work on naval propulsion does overlap with civil reactor systems work.
Network |
Date Established |
Description |
Membership Profile |
Activities |
COGENT | 2008 | Cogent is the UK’s industry skills body for chemicals, pharmaceuticals, nuclear, oil and gas, petroleum and polymer businesses. As an employer-led Sector Skills Council (SSC), Cogent works with industry to research and forecast skills needs and develop fit-for-purpose standards and qualifications and other skills solutions. Employers and national and regional partners work with Cogent and the National Skills Academies to ensure that individuals and the companies they work for can develop higher skills and achieve higher productivity. | Employers | - Cogent works with industry to research and forecast skills needs and develop fit-for-purpose standards and qualifications and other skills solutions.
|
COMARE | | Committee on aspects of radiation in the environment. Offers independent advice to Government regarding the health effects of radiation. | Independent Medicals University academics | - To assess and advise Government and the devolved authorities on the health effects of natural and man-made radiation and to assess the adequacy of the available data and the need for further research
|
Co-ordinating Group on Environmental Radioactivity (COGER) | 1976 | COGER’s principle role is to bring together specialists from the nuclear and related industries, academics from Universities and NERC institutes, nuclear industry regulators and interested parties including non-Government organisations (NGOs) whose interests are in the broad area of environmental radioactivity (from both natural and anthropogenic sources) and is highly multi-disciplinary in nature with scientists from botany, zoology, chemistry, soil science, ecology, geochemistry, geology and oceanography to name but a few disciplines. | Researchers, regulators, consultancies - highly multi-disciplinary in nature with scientists from botany, zoology, chemistry, soil science, ecology, geochemistry, geology and oceanography | - To ensure effective coordination of information exchange between research groups involved in basic scientific research and those involved in programmes of directed research in the field of environmental radioactivity
- To organise an annual Open Meeting involving all those concerned with research on environmental radioactivity
- To ensure effective coordination of basic research and applied research for environmental radiological impact assessment
- To provide advice and support in general to those carrying out environmental radioactivity research
- To advise on the adequacy of research on radioactivity in the environment and in particular to highlight any deficiencies/gaps in the research programmes
- To provide links between COGER and the activities of other groups with responsibility for matters related to environmental radioactivity
|
National Dose Assessment Working Group (NDAWG) | 2002 | Brings together people and organisations with responsibility for, and/or an interest in, the assessment of radiation doses to the public from the operation of the nuclear industry and from minor users of radioactivity. The main focus of the work of NDAWG is to be past, present and future authorised discharges and direct radiation; initially the Group’s scope will not include accidents or solid waste disposal. | Regulators/agencies Industry Specialists/NGOs | - To facilitate the exchange of data and views between all parties on assessment methodologies.
- To advance the understanding between groups who are likely to have differing objectives and views on dose assessment methods.
- To facilitate the development of coherent transparent methods for the assessment of radiation dose to the public from all pathways which arise as a result of the operations at nuclear and non-nuclear sites.
- To meet on a regular basis (every 6 months) to discuss matters of mutual concern, and developments arising out of research, case histories (e.g. recent consultations) or changes in Government policy.
- To identify, discuss and evaluate research which will progress dose assessment methods.
- To initiate debate beyond the group on key issues, as necessary (for example via the Society for Radiological Protection).
- To keep abreast of international developments on dose assessment methodologies, and to provide feedback to the appropriate UK authorities for input into EU bodies.
|
National Skills Academy for Nuclear, NSAN | 2008 | The National Skills Academy for Nuclear, NSAN, was established in 2008 with a role to create, develop and promote world class skills and career pathways to support a sustainable future for the UK Nuclear industry. It is an employer led organisation established to ensure that the UK Nuclear Industry and its Supply Chain has the skilled, competent and safe workforce it needs to deal with the current and future UK nuclear programme | Nuclear Industry | - to create, develop and promote world class skills and career pathways to support a sustainable future for the UK Nuclear industry.
|
Nucleargraduates | 2007 | nucleargraduates is a national two year graduate scheme that is backed by over twenty different organisations who work within the nuclear industry. Initially established by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority in 2007 it has now been expanded to cover all aspects of the nuclear industry in the UK. | Nuclear Industry | |
Nuclear Industry Association | 1963 | Main body in the UK for acting on behalf of the collective nuclear industry | 260 + member companies | - Promotion of the nuclear industry
|
Nuclear Industry Council | February 2013 | Aims to provide ‘high level strategic direction to the UK’s nuclear Industry’. Set up as part of the Government’s Nuclear Industrial Strategy, the NIC replaces the Nuclear Development Forum (NDF). The NIC helps industry capitalise on the opportunities that new build presents. | Jointly chair between Government and industry. (DECC and NIA) Members are senior representatives from the nuclear industry, including developers, vendors, operators, key suppliers, contractors and unions. | - To act as the leading engagement body between the UK nuclear industry and Government, as well as providing a forum for dialogue between different parts of the industry.
- To develop and maintain a single, coherent strategy and vision for the civil nuclear industry in the UK to guide decision-making in Government and business.
- To agree, and oversee the implementation of, work programmes to strengthen the capability and competitiveness of the UK nuclear industry at home and internationally.
- To work with the Research community and industry to underpin those actions needed to realise industry and Governments long-term vision for the sector.
|
Nuclear Innovation Research Office | 2013 | NIRO, which is hosted by the National Nuclear laboratory (NNL) will “respond to Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board (NIRAB) recommendations and provide advice to Government, its organisations and industry on R&D / innovation opportunities (including commercial) and programmes.” (source p22 of “The UK’s Nuclear Future” | | - Advise Government and industry on nuclear innovation and R&D into future nuclear energy technologies
- Coordinate UK involvement in international nuclear programmes
- Ensure public R&D programmes align with industrial and energy policy aims
- Explore how funding can be secured, not only from Government, but also from the private sector, EU and other international organisations and programmes related to future nuclear energy systems
- Review at regular intervals the status of UK nuclear innovation and R&D
|
The Nuclear Institute | 2009 | Works with members to provide training, run events, offers services and develop expertise. Offers a range of memberships to match the experience and expertise of each member. Covers all aspects of nuclear energy. The nuclear Institute is a merger of British Nuclear Energy Society and Institute of Nuclear Engineers. The Nuclear Academic Industry Liaison Sub-Committee of the NI, NAILS, is a forum in the UK at which representatives from both the academic and industrial nuclear sectors meet to discuss trends, implications and opportunities. Meetings occur twice a year and have representatives from most of the major academic institutions, companies and public sector organisations. It is also responsible for organising the annual Universities Nuclear Technology Forum, UNTF, (www.untf.org.uk) | Three main types of members: Professional members, Learned Society members and Company members. | - provides information on nuclear energy issues.
- provides opportunities for members to meet and debate issues
- provides opportunities for members to publish and present papers.
- promotes increased public understanding of the issues surrounding the use of nuclear energy
- Promotes nuclear energy specific training in the United Kingdom.
|
Nuclear Universities Research Consortium | 2007 | A grouping of UK universities interested in nuclear R&D | 23 HEIs | - Networking
- Joint assessment of research opportunities
- Response to consultations
- Promotes international opportunities
|
Project |
Objectives |
Action Line |
Type of Action |
UK Participants |
Co-ordinator and Partners |
Total Funding |
EU Funding |
Duration |
Annual Spend |
EBSSYN: A joint EC/NEA EBS project synthesis report | This project will involve the preparation of a synthesis report on Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) and the safety of deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. The objective of the report will be to bring together the main conclusions from a series of key thematic international workshops organised by the OECD/NEA on the Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS). | FP7-EURATOM-FISSION | Support actions | Terrasalus Limited | Terrasalus Limited | €25,000 | €25,000 | From 2008-12-01 to 2009-11-30 | €25,000 |
GOFASTR European Gas Cooled Fast Reactor | This proposal concentrates on the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) with a view to developing the GFR as a more sustainable version of the very high temperature reactor (VHTR). This project will contribute EURATOMs contribution to the Generation IV system research programme. As such, it is strongly aligned with the goals and structure of the latter. | FP7-EURATOM-FISSION | Small or medium-scale focused research project | AMEC Nuclear UK Ltd NNL Imperial College Rolls Royce | AMEC Nuclear UK Ltd 23 participants | €5.4m | €3m | From 2010-03-01 to 2013-02-28 | €1m |
RISK - IR: Risk, Stem Cells and Tissue Kinetics Ionising Radiation | In this project, techniques emerging from stem cell biological and tissue kinetics research will be used to address several major areas of uncertainty in low dose (<100 mGy) cancer risk estimates. | FP7-EURATOM-FISSION | Collaborative project (generic) | Public health England University of Sussex Medical Research Council | Co-ordinator: Public Health England 10 participants | €8.6m | €6.7m | From 2012-11-01 to 2016-10-31 | €1.7m |
CTB The Chernobyl tissue bank coordinating international research on radiation induced thyroid cancer | Maintain high quality tissue samples from patients who have developed thyroid tumours following exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The project will provide an unequalled resource for research on the health consequences of exposure of a population to radiation from a nuclear accident. | FP7-EURATOM-FISSION Fission-2007-4.1-03 | Coordination (or networking) actions | Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine | Co-ordinator: Imperial College | €1.7m | €0.2m | From 2008-05-01 to 2012-12-31 | €0.05m |
RAPHAEL: ReActor for Process heat, Hydrogen And ELectricity generation | The Project addresses the viability & performance of the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR). This innovative system is not only meant at competitive & safe power generation, but also at industrial process heat supply, in particular for hydrogen production. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2004-3.4.1.1-1 High/Very High Temperature Reactors | Integrated Project | Nexia Solutions Limited National Nuclear Corporation Ltd University of Manchester Serco Ltd (Now part of AMEC) | Framatome Anp Sas, France 34 partners | €19.82m | €9.0m | Apr 05 Apr 09 | €2.25m |
ESDRED: Engineering Studies and Demonstrations of Repository Designs | The overall objective is to demonstrate the technical feasibility at an industrial scale for activities carried out to construct, operate and close a deep geological repository, and at the same time comply with requirements on long-term safely, operational salty, irretrievability and monitoring. | FP6 EURATOM NUWASTE-2003-3.2.1.1-4 Development and testing of disposal concepts and technologies in Underground Research Laboratories | Integrated Project | NDA | Agence Nationale pour la Gestion Des Dechets Radioactifs, France 12 partners | €18.13 | €7.32 | Feb 04 Jan 09 | €1.48m |
PERFECT: Prediction of Irradiation Damage Effects on Reactor Components | The aim is to develop faulty-scale numerical tools capable of simulating the effects of irradiation on mechanical and corrosion properties of materials. They will be used to solve issues related to Light Water Reactor pressure vessels and internal structures (PWR and WWR types). | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.3.1-1 Prediction of irradiation damage effects on reactor components | Integrated Project | University of Liverpool Serco Ltd (now part of AMEC) UKAEA University of Edinburgh | Electricite de France, France 27 partners | €17.75m | €7.5m | Jan 04 Dec 07 | €1.87m |
RISC-RAD: DNA damage responses, Genomic instability and Radiation-Induced Cancer: The problem of risk at low and protracted doses (RISC-RAD) | This project aims to understand the various steps involved in the multistage process of radiation-induced tumorigenesis through detailed analysis of DNA damage responses, genomic instability as well as mechanisms/genetics and modelling of radiation tumorigenesis. | FP6 EURATOM RAD PROT-2003- 3.3.1.1.-1 Cellular and molecular biology research on the effects of low and protracted doses | Integrated Project | Medical Research Council, Gray Laboratory Cancer Research Trust, University Of Sussex, University Of Cambridge, Brunel University, National Radiological Protection Board, Imperial College | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 28 partners | €15.88m | €10m | Jan 04 Dec 07 | €2.5m |
FUNMIG: Fundamental Processes of Radionuclide Migration | Main objectives are the fundamental understanding of radionuclide migration processes in the geosphere, the application to performance assessment and communication of the results. The project tackles the scientific and social credibility of geological HLNW disposal. | FP6 EURATOM NUWASTE-2004-3.2.1.1-1 Understanding and numerical modelling of the key processes for radionuclide migration through the geological environment for different repository host rocks | Integrated Project | Loughborough University UK Nirex Ltd University of Manchester | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GMBH, Germany 50 partners | €15.01m | €8.0m | Jan 05 Dec 08 | €2.0m |
EURANOS: European approach to nuclear and radiological emergency management and rehabilitation strategies | Through the commitment of fifty operational emergency management organisations, “stakeholder groups” and competent RTD institutes this project will build a fully interactive framework for initiating and promoting practical improvements of emergency management and rehabilitation strategies in Europe. | FP6 EURATOM RAD PROT-2003-3.3.4.1-1 Off-site emergency management | Integrated Project | Natural Environment Research Council National Nuclear Corporation Ltd | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GMBH 49 partners | €14.17m | €7.05m | Apr 04 Mar 09 | €1.41m |
EC - SARNET: Sustainable Integration of European Research on Severe Accident Phenomenology and Management | SARNET will tackle the fragmentation existing in defining/carrying out research programmes in severe accident research. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.3.1-2 Sustainable integration of European research on severe accident phenomenology and management | Network of Excellence | AEA technology plc National Nuclear Corporation Ltd | Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, France 50 partners | €14m | €6.28m | Apr 04 Mar 08 | €1.57m |
ACTINET-6: Network for Actinides Sciences | One major issue for nuclear energy, requiring intensive R&D programs, remains a broadly agreed approach to waste management, in particular long-lived waste components. R&D is also needed to explore new concepts for nuclear energy generation that make better use of fissile material and generate less waste. Actinide science is one central theme to respond to these needs. | FP6 EURATOM NUWASTE-2003-3.2.1.1-2 Sustainable integration of European research on actinides | Network of Excellence | University of Manchester University of Sheffield University of Cambridge Imperial College | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 26 partners | | €6.35m | Mar 04 Feb 08 | €1.59m |
EUROPART: EUROpean research program for the PARTitioning of minor actinides and some long-lived fission products from high active wastes issuing the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels | The research to be done within EUROPART concerns the Partitioning of long-lived radio nuclides (Lars) contained in the nuclear wastes issuing the reprocessing of nuclear spent fuels. After separation, the Lars will be destroyed in short-lived or stable nuclides by nuclear means (P&T strategy) or conditioned into stable dedicated solid matrices (P&C strategy) | FP6 EURATOM NUWASTE-2003-3.2.2.1-1 Partitioning of actinides and fission products from high-level nuclear waste for their transmutation or conditioning in stable matrices | Integrated Project | University of Reading British Nuclear Fuels Plc Nexia Solutions Ltd | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 23 partners | €11.5m | €6.0m | From 2004-01-01 to 2007-06-30 | €2.0m |
TIMODAZ: Thermal Impact on the Damaged Zone Around a Radioactive Waste Disposal in Clay Host Rocks | The TIMODAZ project will focus on the study of the combined effect of the EDZ (Excavation Damaged Zone) and the thermal impact. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Specific Targeted Research Project | Applied Seismology Consultants Ltd | ESV Euridice GIE - European Underground Research Infrastructure for the Disposal of Waste in a Clay Environment 24 partners | €3.95m | €2.64m | 2006-10-01 to 2010-09-30 Duration: 48 months | €0.66m |
ERICA: Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants: Assessment and Management | The objective of ERICA is to provide an integrated approach to scientific, managerial and societal issues concerned with the environmental effects of contaminants emitting ionising radiation, with emphasis on biota and ecosystems. The final outcome of the project will be the ERICA integrated approach to assessment and management of environmental risks from ionising radiation, using practical tools. | FP6-EURATOM RAD PROT-2004-3.3.3.1-1 Assessment and management of the impact of radionuclides on man and the environment | Specific Targeted Research Project | Natural Environment Research Council University of Liverpool British Nuclear Fuels plc Environment Agency | Statens Straalskyddsinstitut, Sweden 14 partners | €3.91m | €1.5m | Mar 04 Feb 07 | €0.5m |
PUMA: Plutonium and Minor Actinides Management by Gas-Cooled Reactors | The objective of the project is to provide additional key elements for the utilisation and transmutation of Pu and MA in current and future (high-temperature) gas-cooled reactor designs, contributing to the reduction of Pu and MA stockpiles, and to the development of safe and sustainable reactors for CO2-free multi energy generation. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Specific Targeted Research Project | Nexia Solutions Limited National Nuclear Corporation Limited Serco Ltd (Now part of AMEC) | Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group 17 partners | €3.7m | €1.85m | 2006-09-01 to 2009-08-31 Duration: 36 months | €0.62m |
GCFR: The Gas Cooled Fast Reactor Project | This GCFR FP6 project is directed at the ambitious long term goals of the Generation IV Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) R and D Project: self-generating cores, robust refractory fuel, high operating temperature, direct conversion with a gas turbine and full actinide recycling possibly associated with integrated on-site fuel reprocessing. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUCTECH | Specific Targeted Research Project | National Nuclear Corporation Limited British Nuclear Fuels Plc | National Nuclear Corporation Limited, UK 10 partners | €3.6m | €2m | 2005-03-01 to 2009-02-28 Duration: 48 months | €0.5m |
RED-IMPACT: Impact of P and T and Waste Reduction Technologies on the Final Nuclear Waste Disposal (RED-IMPACT) | The objective of the RED-IMPACT project is to assess the effects of reduction nuclear waste generation and partitioning and transmutation expressed in technical terms of the benefits and disadvantages for waste management and geological disposal. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Specific Targeted Research Project | British Nuclear Fuels Plc United Kingdom Nirex Ltd | Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan, Sweden 23 partners | €3.51m | €2m | 2004-03-01 to 2007-02-28 Duration: 36 months | €0.67m |
LWR-DEPUTY: Light Water Reactor fuels for Deep Burning of Pu in Thermal Systems | LWR-DEPUTY is conceived to fit in a portfolio of experimental research on novel fuels for deep burning of plutonium in existing nuclear power plants (NPPs). It studies to what extent the existing NPPs in Europe can create markedly less nuclear waste by moving to inert matrix fuels. In GEN IV and ADS- research, programs are launched to conceive new reactors and fuels to achieve these objectives, too. With LWR-DEPUTY an alternative route is followed, where one enrols the existing LWRs in the advances to reduce nuclear waste. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Specific Targeted Research Project | Nexia Solutions Limited | Studiecentrum Voor Kernenergie, Belgium 16 partners | €2.43m | €1.25m | 2006-08-01 to 2010-07-31 Duration: 48 months | €0.31m |
COWAM 2: Community Waste Management 2 : Improving the Governance of Nuclear Waste Management and Disposal in Europe | The objective is to contribute to the actual improvement of the governance of Radioactive Waste Management (RWM), by better addressing and understanding societal expectations, needs and concerns and developing best practices and benchmarking on practical and sustainable decision making processes | FP6 EURATOM NUWASTE-2003-3.2.1.1-5 Improving the governance of geological waste disposal | Specific Targeted Research Project | Syncho Ltd University of Lancaster National Radiological Protection Board (now Health Protection Agency) | Mutadis Consultants Sarl, France 18 partners | €2.33m | €1.2m | Jan 04 Dec 06 | €0.4m |
GENE-RAD RISK: Radiation exposures at an early age: impact of genotype on breast cancer risk | N/A | FP6 EURATOM RAD PROT-2004- 3.3.1.1.-2 Epidemiological studies of exposed populations | Specific Targeted Research Project | University of Wales Swansea University of Cambridge University of Birmingham Imperial College Institute of Cancer Research | International Agency for Research on Cancer, France 11 partners | €2.04m | €2m | Jun 05 May 08 | |
MICADO: Model uncertainty for the mechanism of dissolution of spent fuel in a nuclear waste repository | The proposed coordinated action attempts to assess the uncertainties in models describing the dissolution mechanism of spent nuclear fuel in a repository for geological time periods. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Coordination action | Quintessa Ltd | Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) MBH 19 partners | €1.75m | €1.3m | 2006-10-01 to 2009-09-30 Duration: 36 months | €0.43m |
RACE: Radiotherapy For Breast Cancer And Subsequent Risk Of Cardiovascular Events | N/A | FP6 EURATOM RAD PROT-2004- 3.3.1.1.-2 Epidemiological studies of exposed populations | Specific Targeted Research Project | University of Oxford Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust | Karolinska Institutet, Sweden 3 partners | €1.44m | €1.00m | From 2005-08-01 to 2009-10-31 | €0.33m |
NEPTUNO: Nuclear European Platform of Training and University Organisations | The aim is to better integrate European education and training in nuclear engineering and safety to combat the decline in both student numbers and teaching establishments, thus providing the necessary competence and expertise for the continued safe use of nuclear energy and other uses of radiation in industry and medicine. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.2.1-1 Education and training in nuclear engineering and safety | Coordination action | University of Manchester Ministry of Defence | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 34 partners | €0.84m | €0.83m | Jan 04 Jun 05 | €0.55m |
SNF-TP: Sustainable Nuclear Fission Technology Platform | The overall objective of the proposed Sustainable Nuclear Fission Technology Platform (SNF-TP) is to develop a coherent European strategy and to provide the mechanisms for consolidating and deciding future joint undertakings within the EURATOM Treaty. The SNF-TP would also consolidate the European and EURATOM positions within the GIF-initiative, including waste management related to closed fuel cycles involving fast neutron reactors. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUCTECH | Coordination action | Nexia Solutions Ltd | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 22 partners | €0.795m | €0.6m | 2006-10-01 to 2008-09-30 Duration: 24 months | €0.3m |
SENTINEL: Safety and efficacy for new techniques and imaging using new equipment to support European legislation. | N/A | FP6 EURATOM RAD PROT-2004- 3.3.2.1.-1 Safety and efficacy of diagnostic imaging techniques other than CT | Co-ordination action | Northumberland, Tyne & Wear Strategic Health Authority Lanarkshire Health Board | Northumberland, Tyne & Wear Strategic Health Authority 22 partners | €0.71m | €0.7m | Feb 05 Apr 07 | €0.3m |
CARD: Co-ordination of research, development and demonstration (RD and D) priorities and strategies for geological disposal | The proposal is aimed at assessing the feasibility of a Technology Platform that would provide a European framework for networking and cooperation in the field of RD and D for geological disposal of radioactive waste in the EU. The study will seek inputs from partners in the project, which are radioactive waste management organisations (disposal implementers) and key stakeholders. The project will analyse these inputs so as to develop a proposal for such a Technology Platform to be implemented in PF7. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Cost-sharing contracts | NDA | Posiva Oy Finland 10 partners | €0.54m | €0.35m | From 2006-11-01 to 2008-03-31 | €0.18m |
CND: Co-ordination Network of Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations | The purpose of the project is to organise, develop and operate a Network with organisations from the EU and candidate countries, involved in decommissioning activities. The aims are to encourage continuous improvement in capability and effectiveness that should lead to increased competitiveness, and to cluster and co-ordinate projects that were started under earlier FP’s, aiding to improve the added value of these projects. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUWASTE | Coordination action | RWE Nukem Limited | Colenco Power Engineering AG 11 partners | €0.83m | €0.75m | 2004-12-15 to 2007-12-14 36 months | €0.25m |
EISOFAR: Roadmap for a European Innovative Sodium cooled Fast Reactor | The SSA named “Roadmap for a European Innovative SOdium cooled FAst Reactor - EISOFAR” aims enabling the European Community to define its specific R&D strategic objectives on sodium cooled fast reactors embedded in the on-going discussions performed within the CA on the SNF-TP; it has the ambition to be a key component of the European Strategic Research Agenda. | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUCHORIZ | Specific Support Action | Nexia Solutions Limited National Nuclear Corporation Limited | Commissariat l’Energie Atomique, France 13 partners | €0.49m | €0.25m | 2007-01-01 to 2007-12-31 Duration: 12 months | €0.25m |
ENETRAP: European Network on Education and Training in RAdiological Protection | The objectives are of the project are to launch a European Master In Radiation Protection, to establish a network dedicated to the E&T and to provide the necessary competence and expertise for the continued safe use of radiation in industry, medicine and research. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2004-3.4.2.1-1 Education and training in radiation protection | Coordination action | North Highland College Health Protection Agency | Studiecentrum Voor Kernenergie, Belgium 10 partners | €0.46m | €0.40m | Apr 05 Mar 07 | €0.20m |
ERA-PRO: Promotion of the European Radiobiological Archives ERA | This proposal for specific support is designed only to maximise the exploitation of the resource, making European Radiobiology Archives (ERA) accessible to the greatest number of end-users. This will be done by making the archive accessible on line (e.ERA), while assuring controlled user access. The dissemination of e.ERA will then be promoted by presentations at major scientific conferences and by two training workshops. In addition, e.ERA will be made compatible to and interoperable with other relevant radiobiological databases, namely JRA, NRA, PATHBASE, and other mouse phenotype projects. | FP6-EURATOM-NUCHORIZ: Information, Media, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion | Specific Support Action | The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge | Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz 2 partners | €0.39m | €0.38m | 2006-04-01 to 2009-03-31 Duration: 36 months | €0.127m |
CETRAD: Co-ordination Action on Education and Training in Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management | The objective of this project is to develop proposals for structuring and delivering both education and training in the management of the geological disposal of high-level and long-lived radioactive wastes and spent fuel in geological formations, and radiation protection. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.2.1-2 Education and training needs for radiation protection and radioactive waste management | Coordination action | University of Wales, Cardiff Nirex Ltd | University Of Wales, Cardiff, UK 19 partners | €0.30m | €0.25m | Jan 04 Mar 05 | €0.20m |
CATT: Co-operation and Technology Transfer on long-term radioactive waste management for Member States with small nuclear programmes | This project will investigate the feasibility of Member States with small nuclear programmes (Recipient Member States, RMS) implementing long-term radioactive waste management solutions within their national borders, through collaboration with Member States with advanced disposal concepts (Donor Member States, DMS). | Euratom Framework Programme FP6-EURATOM-NUCHORIZ | Specific Support Action | United Kingdom Nirex Ltd | United Kingdom Nirex Ltd, UK 7 partners | €0.25m | €0.21m | 2006-01-01 to 2007-06-30 Duration: 18 months | €0.14m |
HOTLAB: European Hot Laboratories Research Capacities and Needs | The general objective is to assess the European of hot laboratories capacity and its aptitude for supporting the nuclear industrial and research community both at present and in the future. The ultimate goal is to preserve appropriate nuclear research infrastructure in Europe. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.2.1-3 Infrastructures for nuclear fission and radiation protection research | Coordination action | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Studiecentrum Voor Kernenergie, Belgium 18 partners | €0.23m | €0.20m | Jan 04 Jun 05 | €0.13m |
EURAC: Securing European Radiological Protection and Radioecology Competence to meet the Future Needs of Stakeholders | The objectives of EURAC are to strengthen the scientific academic competence and analytical skills within radiological protection, radioecology and radiochemistry and to secure the future recruitment of appropriately skilled post-graduates to meet the needs of European stakeholders. | FP6 EURATOM NUCTECH-2003-3.4.2.1-2 Education and training needs for radiation protection and radioactive waste management | Coordination action | Westlakes Research Ltd, UK | Westlakes Research Ltd, UK | €0.17m | €0.10m | Sep 04 Sep 05 | €0.10m |
CONFIRM: Uranium free fuels for accelerator driven systems: collaboration on oxide and nitride fuel irradiation and modelling | Accelerator driven systems are candidates for burning of uranium free fuels like nuclear waste. This proposal suggests a program for modelling, development and irradiation of oxide and nitride uranium free fuel s under normal operating conditions as well as under power transients. The objective is to identify a reference oxide fuel for an ADS demo facility, and to investigate safety properties of nitride alternatives. | Euratom Framework Programme FP5-EAECTP C | Cost-sharing contracts | Serco Ltd (Now part of AMEC) AEA Technology plc, British Nuclear Fuels plc | Royal Institute of Technology 8 partners | €2.06m | €1m | 2000-09-01 to 2005-12-31 Duration 64 months | €0.1875m |
HTR-M1: European project for the development of HTR technology - materials for the high temperature reactor | The development of Advanced High Temperature Reactor (HTR) concepts requires material data information and an understanding of material behaviour under react or operating conditions and environment. For components important to the safety and feasibility of modular designs such as the turbine and the graphite structures (core), investigation of the different materials to be used with respect to long term damage and behaviour in the reactor environment is necessary. This work identifies and investigates the most promising materials in these areas with respect to time dependent damage and behaviour and provides information that can be used for feasibility investigations of the most promising options for future application. | Euratom Framework Programme FP5-EAECTP C | Cost-sharing contracts | National Nuclear Corporation Ltd | National Nuclear Corporation Ltd, UK 7 partners | €1.39m | €0.7m | 2001-10-01 to 2005-03-31 Duration 42 months | €0.2m |
HTR-N1: High temperature reactor, nuclear, physics, waste and fuel cycle studies | HTR core analysis will be made for this symbiosis of LWR and HTR. Special treatments for purification of contaminated carbonaceous material from the core structures are intended to improve the disposal or re-use. Data for long-term geochemical modelling of directly disposed spent HTR fuel will be generated by leaching tests on the matrix, coating and kernels of fuel elements. | Euratom Framework Programme FP5-EAECTP C | Cost-sharing contracts | National Nuclear Corporation Limited British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Forschungszentrum Juelich GMBH 12 partners | €1.09m | €0.55m | 2001-10-01 to 2005-03-31 Duration 42 months | €0.157m |
INDOOR DOSE: Quantification of the distribution of radiation doses received by humans through the various pathways in a contaminated indoor environment | The influence of range of factors on the potentially highly significant doses received from contaminant deposition to humans is currently not well understood. The objective of the proposed project is to generate extensive and wide-ranging data to address this problem. A collaborative experimental programme involving new techniques is designed, which will be used to achieve this objective. | Euratom Framework Programme FP5-EAECTP C | Cost-sharing contracts | Imperial College London | Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark 3 partners | €0.59m | €0.4m | 2004-02-01 to 2007-07-31 Duration 42 months | €0.11m |
ITEM: Improvement of techniques for multiscale modelling of irradiated materials | The objective of the proposed Thematic Network is to ensure that the developments required to simulate quantitatively irradiation effects in materials are performed rapidly and in a co-ordinated way in Europe. | Euratom Framework Programme FP5-EAECTP C | Thematic network contracts | The University of Liverpool University of Edinburgh King’s College London | Electricite de France (EDF) Service National, France 42 partners | €0.44m | €0.39m | 2001-11-01 to 2005-10-31 Duration 48 months | €0.0975m |